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Is Obama black or multiracial?

Keith Boykin | Posted December 17, 2008 9:01 AM

Ever since he announced he was running for president, Barack Obama's blackness has been questioned. Now that he's about to be president, some people won't let it go.



It started with the silly question of whether Obama was black enough. Back in early 2007, Hillary Clinton was winning the majority of the black vote in opinion polls, and some pundits pushed the ridiculous idea that Obama couldn't compete with the Clintons in the black community.



Toni Morrison had famously dubbed Bill Clinton the first black president, and the Clintons were locking down support from Congressional Black Caucus members and black politicians they had helped for years. 



Black leaders like the Rev. Jesse Jackson and the Rev. Al Sharpton did not immediately line up to support Obama's candidacy, and several others questioned the Illinois senator's ties to the community, his biracial background and his credentials in the movement.



The biracial part was most unusual to me. Some in the black and the white community, from the left and the right, suggested that Obama wasn't truly black because both his parents were not black. Obama, they said, was instead biracial.



Then came Iowa, and black and white America suddenly realized this guy could go all the way. By South Carolina, it was a done deal for African Americans. Obama was ours, signed sealed and delivered, just like the Stevie Wonder song played at his New Hampshire election night speech. Suddenly America realized it might elect a black president.



While technically Obama is biracial, his racial identity is really whatever race with which he chooses to identify. He identifies as black and, for all intents and purposes, that makes him black. The idea that blacks with white blood in them must only be called multiracial instead of black is just as silly as the idea that whites with one drop of black blood in them are black. This is especially true in a culture where most African Americans also have white blood in their ancestry.



If the whole conversation about race is based on socially constructed fiction, why shouldn't Obama be able to identify with whatever aspect of his identity he chooses? I suspect a lot of African Americans may agree with this point, but they may not be as supportive of the idea of racial choice if we were talking about Michael Jackson or Tiger Woods disavowing their blackness. I understand the dilemma.



As someone who has spent his life working on race-related issues, I nevertheless believe that race is socially constructed. And as meaningful as it is to many of us -- myself included -- it is not entirely real. It is real because we as a society have chosen to make it so. It is real and painful for some who choose to divide and discriminate on the basis of race, and it is real and beautiful for some who choose to celebrate on the basis of race. Personally, I prefer the latter.



No one can deny the real physical differences in skin color, hair texture, and other features that distinguish various groups of people in the world. This we all can see. But to assume that there are some genetic or biological attributes related to learning capabilities, intelligence and skill based on race is problematic.



So I'm tired of the questions about Obama's blackness. What exactly does it mean to be black anyway? He "looks black," he has "black kids" and he says he's black. Isn't that enough to end this foolish debate? If the president-elect says he's black, who are we to tell him he's not?



So the answer to the question is simple. Obama is both black and biracial. And those who support multicultural identities, who want the right to choose how they describe themselves, and don't want to be forced into a box that doesn't fit them, ought to give Barack Obama the same courtesy they seek for themselves.


Keith Boykin is editor of The Daily Voice, a CNBC contributor and a BET political commentator.
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Comments 27

Cru
2008-12-17 11:01:16
A square is a rectangle, but a rectangle is not a square. In this context, black is the rectangle. It's especially silly because if he had lost the election there's no doubt he would be considered black.

David
2008-12-17 11:05:52
This issue is one of real signs of those who are very sick and do not want to embrace their on identity. Mulatto, 1/16 per cent and all of those other terms only meant that if you were one of them you were only welcomed in the Black community .You could not live buy a house or work except where black people could work. I am lighter than Obama, I have hazel eyes and curly hair yet both my parents’ grandparents, and their parents were Black. Yes mixed with some American Indian and Anglo/Saxon. I look whiter than some Jews, Italians and all that but whom I am I. I am a black man a product of history of this country in nation. Obama himself in his speech on racism reported that in his wife's veins runs the blood of the master and the slave, all African Americans are of, mixed ancestry light or dark and of mixed African blood as well. But what is a biracial person who does that person belong to and where is he welcomed among us still this day. Take it from one who walked on both sides. Identity is a matter of culture not race. Sadly there’re whites and Latinos who appreciate our African American culture more then some white mothers who do not want their children to be white and some mulatto who want to be white.

E-J
2008-12-17 11:21:43
I agree, this is an unnecessary discussion, indeed. After having weighed the effects of nurture and nature in regards to his life experiences, Barack Obama has stated in very clear terms that he is a Black man. It is evident in all that he does. Read his books, and get to know the man, and you will see, what an unnecessary discussion this is for certain.

Karen
2008-12-17 11:22:48
This is classic. All of a sudden a BLACK promising politician rises to the status as president. HE is beloved by 99.9 percent of the world and now White America wants to change the colour of his skin. I remember a comedian made a joke that white people were going to paint MLK white in the next 100 years and write in the history books that he was white. Kind of sounds like the history of America. You see it would be one thing if America had a serious multi racial category, not just one that appears on census but one that is socially accepted and understood, kind of like the category of mixed heritage in England. But America does not have such a category found in England. Instead they have well defined racial categories, categories which embrace the notion of purity and impurity, categories that are defined by physical characteristics and the way in which others view the subject or should I say object. One has to wonder Why the sudden change? It’s almost like a revolution of some sort, no one saw it coming. It isn’t as if other events lead up to the chnaging of the racial rules that I’ve listed above. No supreme court ruling, no marches, no class lesson designed to introduce the new concept, no major body of work coming out of the united states gaining main stream attention that supports the notion of mixed heritage. Nothing. Just a BLACK man who has been classified as black all his life, who is now president of the USA and who has placed hope in the spirit and minds of people who have been classified as black and other persecuted people throughout the world. Wow. That is the shift that has threatened the status quo. Let see if their transparent attempt to thwart the joy of having a black man as POTUS works.

E-J
2008-12-17 12:08:38
Excellent commnetary, Karen. I enjoyed reading every word as it is a factual account, indeed.

STEFANY
2008-12-17 12:15:11
I'm so sick of this question about Obama's race, I feel if a person is biracial or multiracial they have the right to choose and Barack has obviously said that he is black, his wife is black and his children are black. Most people identify with a certain race according to their life experience. After all white Amerikkka created the one drop rule in regard to race but this time it backfired on them.

The real Jay
2008-12-17 13:19:01
If he say he is black then no one should ask that question again.

Ostend Street
2008-12-17 13:42:06
President Elect Barack Hussein Obama is American. Leave it alone! He belongs to all of us.

Anonymous
2008-12-17 14:25:13
He's Biracial. ALL the formative and influential people in his upbringing were HIS FAMILY, his WHITE. Many Black want to diminish and downplay the role of mentoring from WHITE POPLE Obama benefited from, from his family. Why the effort to diminish his Anglo White-ness? Obama does not have one drop of Black American blood in his veins. Not one drop of Black American blood! He has no legacy to slavery. Obama is BI-RACIAL, plain and simple. And Remember, the only American blood and roots and culture that is embodied in Barack Hussein Obama is WHITE! And that's alright!

Karen
2008-12-17 15:46:19
Anon No one is talking about nationality here we are talking about race. And why would black people want to diminish his white ancestry, white folks are the ones who has a history of racialising people not black folks. We are just going by the clearly defined rules.

GLB
2008-12-17 18:08:31
I agree with Karen 100 percent. I think it's ironic that we've opperated out of the 1 drop rule for so long, and for the first time in history white people have had to pass the privledge, they don't want to give it up! America isn't white any more and people need to wake up and deal with it. People of color are coming up. This is just the begining, we're on the heels of a cultural revolution!

Richard
2008-12-17 19:56:23
Speaking as a multi ethnic person though there is a tendancy on the part of all races not to acknowledge mixtures for that they are; there is a pressure to choose to be one or the other; similar to people saying bisexuals dont exist; as a multi ethnic bisexual; on the other hand; I think it is all right to be multi ethnic; i think it is the rule of the white man that says some black blood makes you black etc; there is a tendancy to deny mixtures their identity which is not one thing or another but both

yasmin
2008-12-17 20:32:00
I am mixed race myself (african-European) and currently live in London. Obama in his first book "Dreams From My Father" talks openly with condour about his own self-identity struggle. I have been faced with the same question all of my life. I feel that it's somehow esier for a biracial person to embrace both racial roots than it is for people with 'a single roots' to accept that obvious possibility. The question is that, as for Barack, sometime you are pressed to 'pick' your choice early on eventhough, realistically, the decision is ultimately made by others. Obama IS black because he has experienced and understood what black people have gone through, he IS white because he has learnet and absorbed the costoms and values of the predominant culture, i.e. as an American. The confusion does only exist because as a mixed-raced person are expected to declare, explain and even prove your dominant race only to be given the same probing treatment by the 'other side'. As i see him, Obama is a black American, of mixed raced heritage, but mostimportantly he is the First Black President of the United States and as such he unifies - as no other was able to do before him - the american people. Of all races.

Rowan
2008-12-17 21:21:02
yasmin As a fellow Brit. It's different here... but I have to say it's rather RUDE to ignore the fact that his mother was white and he was brought up by WHITE people. Also he is half Kenyan, NO Afro-Americans are from east africa originally....they are all the way from the west.. I smell bullshit. I had a white friend who has mixed raced kids who CLEARLY looked like her but was forever told by people that they looked black and were they her kids...? I'm originally East African, West Africans are always rude about us...lets hope this whole 'Obama is collectively black' bridges those gaps that are prevalent in the UK black community and Africa!??

Cmoney
2008-12-17 21:24:57
His race is of no doubt to those who hate him. A caller to C-Span this week was cut off just after he said "Well, since Obama is a Nigger..." Not bi-racial. Not Black. A nigger. That's what some people really think of him.I think some of those who want to re-classify Obama as something other than Black have a deep seated hostility to the concept of a Black man rising to the level of ultimate power in this country. Because that is getting ready to happen, these haters have to re-define Obama as non-Black to accept him. Since he is not bound by what others think, especially the haters, we should accept what Obama calls himself--Black.

tjr
2008-12-17 22:07:23
This issue of whether Barack Obama is black has gone way too far. There are a lot of black people in America who have multi-racial backgrounds such as myself but look black and live the African American culture. We have strict categories in America, black or white. Obama says he's black, has black kids and LOOKS black. To say that you are suppressing your multi-racial background by claiming to be black is being overly simplistic.

Mel Smith
2008-12-17 22:36:15
Barack Obama said he is a black man, and that's all that matters.

Ysenegal
2008-12-17 23:14:08
He Black. Thanks Keith!

King
2008-12-17 23:52:26
As the father of two bi-racial children(black and white) I would in no way discredit either side of them. As parents we have to except what the worlds view of them will be and thats black(which is a beautiful). But in the home and among those that love them they are bi-racial, and will have the pleasure of knowing both cultures(Beautifully Blended). And lets be honest neither culture is perfect contrary to popular belief. Im sure on Obama's road to sucess his whiteness didnt open all of the doors he walked thru. But it sure as hell didnt close many either. This country plays a horrible game of divide and oppress. The ignorance of many will put his racial background into question. But he is a man that is mixed and has chosen to associate himself with what he dems to best discribe him. Im sorry white AmeriKKKa if that bothers you,because he doesnt fit the stereotype racist teach there kids. Lets remember white Amerikkka set the rules. And for the person that said the one drop rule is a white rule try getting arrested and tell them you are biracial and they will tell you are black. Funny how when a biracial person does something great that is mixed with black theres a question, but if he commits a crime he just black. Yes he was raised in a white way so to speak but as a black American havent we all been. Just depends on your zip code weather its a good or a bad thing. Accept it people he is the first black president and theres nothing ignorance can do to change that. Ignorance by choice is travesty. Ignorance by force is a crime against humanity.

dp
2008-12-18 00:56:02
Obama is the blood child of a very dark African man (not an African-American man) and a white American woman. He was born in Hawaii. He is not the descendant of American slaves. He had virtually nothing to do with his biological father while growing up. He was raised by a white mother and white grandparents. He looks fairly black to most of us Americans. He probably doesn't look too black to Africans. Scorecard: Genetics: 50% black, 50% white; Parenting/upbringing: 99% white 1% black; Choice of spouse: black Children: 75% black 25% white. You make the call......

Ostend Street
2008-12-18 10:15:26
I initially resented this topic because I would like to think that we have grown; however, I am now truly glad this has become a topic of discussion. This closet door should have been openly talked about years ago since black Americans just might be the most mongrelized race in thel world. Again, President Elect Barack Hussein Obama is American and so are we.

Anonymous
2008-12-18 11:32:16
He's no more Black, than he is White - in a global context. As an American? He's far far far more Anglo White than Black. The scales tip to Obama being White (by virtue of having only and exclusively White American heritage). This breaks the tie. Sorry Black folks, perhaps Jesse Jackson Jr. will will the Presidency and you can claim a Black as President.

NAKIA
2008-12-18 12:14:25
The brother has claimed his heritage! having being descendant of an African father means shits! Not having ties with American slavery doesn't matter. When the NYPD killed that west AFrican brother, they didn't see a continental AFrican they saw a Black man. and many other cases. Barack has not denied his white mother or relatives. however he is, politically black. He chooses to identify as such. if he were not the black president, trust he would still be considered a black american. I was not born in Africa but Africa was born in me, so I mor eor less identify with black africans. also, historically speaking, we all started out in east africa, until the arabs came and made all those babies, now they want to be i guess arabs, anyways, leave my black president alone. i understand he has been raised in a white world, that still doesn't stop him from being black. i met him years ago and let me tell you, he ain't got a problem with the brothas and sistas in tha hood. hell he married a hood girl.

Ramsis
2008-12-18 13:05:29
All this is what it is but what really upsets me is this Rick Warren thing. I am furious. As a black man, who supported and voted and Mr. Obama I am at a breaking point. What is wrong with him? I was hoping to see a Black Minister administer the oath and what do we get a white homophobe who stands for everything that we oppose. He is like the male version of Sarah Palin and for this Mr. President Elect has lost some of my respect. I am sorely disappointed and it hurts. Maybe one of the lessons that the president elect did learn from growing up in a black family is that those middle of the road and conservative types do not like or trust liberals, gays and black men. When it is all said in done and his decisions are not popular it will only be black people that will love nourish and support him in his time of need straight and gay.

Deon
2008-12-18 17:06:20
He's biracial not black. The more we equate biracial to black, the more we affirm that white is superior to black. It would seem that people are too indoctrinated by previous notions of "race" to figure this out. It's 2008! If ignorant racialists want to live in a diametric America, then I present them with the
BTChi
2008-12-18 21:45:17
Ultimately the writer’s last point is dead on. Obama has the right to decide his own identity (although, on this point, I do find the writer’s comparison of Tiger Woods to Michael Jackson hypocritical – and bizarre). In this case, Obama has said he is black in general, and African-American in particular. However he has certainly also highlighted his multi-racial/ethnic background – contrary to the writer’s suggestion, this does not simply refer to Obama’s diverse recent ancestry. It also refers to Obama’s diverse experiences. In many ways Obama’s story (recent ancestry and experiences) is what he ran on – both for the presidency and his U.S. Senate seat, starting with his speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention. So, labels aside, to pretend that he is only black or African-American is foolish – Obama himself has said as much in various interviews. For those who want to continue to focus on the U.S. as a black-white society, what to say? People from all over the world are increasingly populating the U.S. This is making it increasingly hard to try and impose simplistic labels on others. Not only do these newer immigrant groups have different views about race and racial classification, some of them might come from countries where mixture has historically been the norm. On this subject, the writer makes another mistake or omission. It is true that most black Americans have “white blood” (and perhaps “red blood” too). But, other groups not defined as black have “black blood”– most anyone from a Latin American country (“red blood” too) or for that matter anyone from the two primary countries that colonized Latin America (Spain and Portugal). Oh, and don’t forget about a substantial part of the white American population. Contrary to the myth that the one-drop rule existed for centuries, it was not until Jim Crow that the color line became utterly rigid. Plenty of white folks already had “black blood” by this time, with more “black blood” entering their ranks as people “passed” through the color line during Jim Crow (none of this gets to all the “black blood” flowing around the Mediterranean before the U.S. was even a thought or the sub-Saharan African origins we all share – call this whatever color of blood you want). Putting Obama aside, I have a question for all you hell-bent on maintaining rigid racial classifications and the black-white narrative. Why not begin demanding – and I mean loudly – that all U.S. citizens be required to take DNA tests? Whether you are a white racist or a black racialist, if everything begins and ends with “black blood” – surely each of you would want this matter clarified. Or would you?

Cecil Jones
2008-12-20 19:22:46
What's all this Boykin "Mumbo Jumbo" about "Is Obama Multiracial?" Clearly, Obama is Black and America will never allow him to forget it. This is like Tiger Woods trying to create a word for his shame in relation to his racial heritage. Multiracial is just an easier word to spell than "Caublainasian." Boykin's point is hidden in the shame and the duality of Obama's past. Some Blacks don't want to embrace our past. We can't change the past, but "We Can" change the future. First, we have to be in the game to have an impact. Thank Jackie Robinson, Muhammad Ali, Tiger Woods and to some degree Obama for being Black and proud. America will never let us forget.


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